“mean” 是英语中一个多义且用法灵活的词,既可以作动词、名词,也可以作形容词。
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动词 “mean” 核心含义是 “表示…… 的意思;意味着;打算”,根据语境有不同用法:
1. 表示 “意思是;意味着”(说明事物的含义或结果)直接接名词 / 代词:What does this word mean? (这个词是什么意思?)A red light means “stop”. (红灯A red light means “stop”. (红灯意味着 “停止”。)意味着 “停止”。)接宾语从句(说明具体内容):She didn’t say what she meant. (她没说她是什么意思。)The sign means that parking is not allowed here. (这个标志表示这里禁止停车。)接 “动名词”(表示 “意味着做某事”,强调结果):Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。)Success means working hard. (成功意味着努力工作。)接 “to do sth”((较少见,强调 “有…… 的意图”,但更侧重结果)):This new policy means to reduce pollution. (这项新政策旨在减少污染。)She didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.(她并非有意要伤害你的感情。)2. 表示 “打算;计划”(主语通常是人,强调主观意图)常用结构:mean to do sth(打算做某事)I meant to call you yesterday, but I forgot. (我昨天打算给你打电话的,但忘了。)She means to finish the project by Friday. (她计划周五前完成这个项目。)表示 “打算让某人做某事”:mean for sb to do sthMy parents meant for me to study medicine. (我父母打算让我学医学。)过去式 “meant” 可表示 “本打算但没做”,常与 “but” 连用:He meant to help, but he was too busy. (他本想帮忙,但太忙了。)3. 表示 “对…… 重要;有意义”(常用于否定句或疑问句)结构:mean sth to sbYour support means a lot to me. (你的支持对我意义重大。)Money doesn’t mean everything. (金钱并不意味着一切。)4. 习惯搭配:mean well(出于好意;本意是好的)He’s rude sometimes, but he means well. (他有时很粗鲁,但本意是好的。)
二、作名词:表示 “中间;中庸;平均值”指 “中间状态或位置”:We need to find a mean between work and rest. (我们需要在工作和休息之间找到平衡。)数学中表示 “平均值”:The mean of 3, 5 and 7 is 5. (3、5、7 的平均值是 5。)三、作形容词:表示 “吝啬的;刻薄的;平均的”1. 表示 “吝啬的;小气的”(不愿花钱或分享)He’s too mean to buy her a birthday present. (他太吝啬了,不给她买生日礼物。)
2. 表示 “刻薄的;不友善的”(态度或话语)She said some mean things about him behind his back. (她在背后说他的坏话。)Why are you being so mean to me? (你为什么对我这么刻薄?)
3. 表示 “平均的”(仅用于名词前)The mean temperature in July is 25°C. (7 月的平均气温是 25 摄氏度。)
四、常见易混淆点mean to do sth vs mean doing sthmean to do:打算做某事(主观意图)I mean to learn English. (我打算学英语。)mean doing:意味着做某事(客观结果)Learning English means practicing every day. (学英语意味着每天练习。)“意思是” vs “打算”当主语是事物时,“mean” 多表示 “意味着”;当主语是人时,结合语境判断是 “意思是” 还是 “打算”。
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